پدرخوانده‌های نوظهور بعد از جنگ جهانی اول: ایالات متحده آمریکا و بریتانیا ۱۹۳۵-۱۹۲۱

پاورقی ها:

1. Speech in Des Moines, Iowa, 6 Sept. 1919, in Woodrow Wilson, War and Peace: Presidential Messages, Addresses, and Public Papers, 1917-1924, eds Ray Stannard Baker and William E. Dodd (2 vols, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1927), vol. II, p. 18.
2. Klaus Hildebrand, ‘”British Interests” und “Pax Britannica”: Grund-fragen englischer Aussenpolitik im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert’, Historische Zeitschrift, 221 (1975), p. 625.
3. Lord Northcliffe to Geoffrey Robinson, 1 July 1917, quoted in Kathleen Burk, ‘Great Britain in the United States, 1917-1918: The Turning Point’, International History Review, vol. 1 (1979), P. 228.
4. Cecil, memo for War Cabinet, 18 Sept. 1917, CAB 24/26, doc. 2074 (Public Record Office, London).
5. Wiseman, memo on US attitudes to the peace conference, c. 20 Oct. 1918, Wiseman papers, I/g/213 (Sir William Sterling Library, Yale University).
6. House to Wilson, 30 July 1919, in Charles Seymour, The Intimate Papers of Colonel House (4 vols, London: Ernest Benn, 1926-8), vol. IV, p. 510.
7. Memorandum for the Cabinet, 20 July 1927, in Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, vol. V, Companion Part I (London: Heinemann, 1979), p. 1033.
8. Mark Sullivan, quoted in Thomas H. Buckley, The United States and the Washington Naval Conference, 1921-22 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1970), P. 72
9. US Navy General Board report, 21 April 1927, in Stephen Roskill, Naval Policy betmeen the Wars, vol. I (London: Collins, 1968), p. 502.
10. Hugh Gibson to William Castle, 30 Sept. 1928, in Frank C. Costigliola, Awkward Dominion: American Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations with Europe, 1919-1933 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984), p. 189.
11. Christopher Hall, Britain, America and Arms Control, 1921-1937 (Lon-don: Macmillan, 1987), P. 58. The Congressman was Fred Britten, Chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee.
12. Vansittart, minute, 19 Oct. 1927, FO 371/12040, A6057/133/45 (Public Record Office, London).
I3. Hankey to Thomas Jones (Prime Minister Baldwin’s private secretary), II Oct. 1928, in Thomas Jones, Whitehall Diary, vol. II, 1926-30 (London: Oxford University Press, 1969), pp. 147-8.
14. New York Times, 13 Oct. 1929, quoted in David Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald (London: Jonathan Cape, 1977), p. 508.
15. Christopher Thorne, The Limits of Foreign Policy: The West, the League and the Far Eastern Crisis of 1931-1933 (London: Heinemann, 1972), quoting respectively from pp. 262, 260.
I6. William Allen White to Lord Lothian, 16 March 1939, Lothian papers, GD 40/17/387 (Scottish Record Office, Edinburgh).
17. Emile Moreau, Governor of the Bank of France, in Andrew Boyle, Montagu Norman (London: Cassell, 1967), p. 198.
18. Sir Cecil Hirst, 12 Oct. 1925, in D. Cameron Watt, Succeeding John Bull: America in Britain’s Place, 1900-1975 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), P. 57.
19. Frank C. Costigliola, ‘Anglo-American Financial Rivalry in the 1920s’, Journal of Economic History, vol. 37 (1977), P. 913.
20. Speech of 5 Aug. 1925, in Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897-1963, ed. Robert Rhodes James, vol. IV (New York: Chelsea House, 1974), P. 3742.
21. Diane B. Kunz, The Battle for Britain’s Gold Standard in 1931 (London: Croom Helm, 1987), p. 82.
22. Message of 23 Aug. 1931 in CAB 23/67, f. 365 (PRO). Apparently this was described to the Cabinet as a message from Benjamin Harrison and the Federal Reserve, perhaps because MacDonald feared that to mention the name of Morgan’s would only further incense his critics. See Kunz, Battle for Britain’s Gold Standard, p. 105.
23. Cabinet meeting, Cab. 46 (31), 23 Aug. 1931, CAB 23/67, f. 3 6о (PRO).
24. R. Bassett, Nineteen Thirty-One: Political Crisis (London: Macmillan, 1958), pp. 175, 173.
25. Dimbleby, BBC 1 interview with C. Douglas Dillon.
26. Neville Chamberlain to Ida Chamberlain, 15 July 1933, Neville Chamberlain papers, NC 18/1/836 (Birmingham University Library).
27. Charles P. Kindleberger, The World in Depression, 1929-1939 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), p. 292.
28. Quoted in W. Roger Louis, British Strategy in the Far East, 1919-1939 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971), p. 77.
29. Memo of Nov. 1927, in B. J. C. McKercher, The Second Baldwin Government and the United States, 1924-1929 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), p. 1.
30. Both Baldwin quotations in Keith Middlemas and John Barnes, Baldwin: A Biography (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 196g), p. 729.
31. Minute of 5 Feb. 1934, in Norman Rose, Vansittart: Study of a Diplomat (London: Heinemann, 1978), pp. 126-7.
32. John E. Wiltz, In Search of Peace: The Senate Munitions Inquiry, 1934-1936 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963), p. 15.
33. Quoted in Cushing Strout, The American Image of the Old World (New York: Harper and Row, 1963), p. 205.

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